Citrus Aurantium Powder Extract

Product Name : Citrus Aurantium Powder Extract
Latin Name: Citrus Aurantium
Specification: Synephrine 4%-30%
Country of Origin :China

  
Description:

Citrus aurantium L, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in China. Zhishi, the Chinese traditional name for Citrus aurantium, has long been a folk medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to improve indigestion and help stimulate the Qi (energy force). It also has been a folk remedy in Italy since the 16th century for fevers like malaria and as an antiseptic. Recent studies have confirmed that Zhishi, replacing Ma Huang, can be used for treatment of obesity without the negative cardiovascular side effects.
Function:
Synepherine is the main active compound found in the fruit of Citrus aurantium, which is effective in providing the energy boost (caloric expenditure), aiding the expulsion of wind, warming the stomach, improving the appetite, and increasing metabolic rate. Citrus aurantium is theorized to stimulate fat metabolism without the negative cardiovascular side effects experienced by some people using Ma Huang. It is also a mild aromatic expectorant, a nervine and a laxation for constipation.
1. Weight Loss
The most likely explanation for weight loss effects attributed to citrus aurantium supplements is the amphetamine-like effects of the alkaloids. Although this effect is likely to be somewhat less dramatic than effects induced by Ma Huang (ephedra alkaloids), users can expect variable effects including enhanced caloric expenditure, reduced appetite and heightened feelings of energy, all of which are likely to result in weight loss. [1], [2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12] A recent study conducted in dogs also suggests that synephrine can increase metabolic rate in a specific type of fat tissue known as Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT).

Since synephrine and several other compounds found in zhi shi are structurally similar to ephedrine and act as stimulants to specific adrenergic receptors (beta-3, but not beta-1, beta-2 or alpha-1), zhi shi does not appear to have the same negative central nervous effects of Ma Huang (ephedra), which stimulates all beta-adrenergic receptors.

2. Mild Exhilarant

Studies have attributed the energy enhancing effect of synephrine to stimulation of the Centre Nervous System [12], [14]. This integrated effect may include increased circulation of blood through the heart and cerebral tissue [5], elevated blood pressure and improved mental activity, which would readily qualify synephrine as a mild exhilarant.

3, Digestive Tract Discomfort

Conformed with traditional use, Citrus Seed Extract can stimulate the digestive tract by stimulating stomach functions as well as having laxative and gas-relieving actions [8, 13] It may also help relieve nausea and sooth stomach disturbances such as gas and bloating [4]

4, Anti-Microbial Activities

Citrus Seed Extract is a non-toxic and organic anti-microbial product. It shows a bacteria growth inhibitory effect in vitro [11] and can also inhibit the infection capability of some viruses. [9] Thus the extract is wildly used as a sanitizing disinfecting agent, as a preservative in foods or cosmetics, and in agriculture as a fungicide, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic and anti-viral agent.
 Dosage
Standardized synephrine as Citrus Aurantium fruit extract is recommended. A dose of 4-20 mg of synephrine per day is a typical dose found in products providing 200-600 mg of a standardized citrus aurantium extract (3-6% synephrine). [3]
Safety：
Both isolated synephrine and citrus aurantium extract have been shown to raise blood pressure in animal studies. Until more studies are conducted on the safety, pharmacology and efficacy of citrus aurantium as a thermogenic supplement, it should be treated as an ingredient with mild stimulant properties and should be avoided by individuals with cardiovascular concerns such as high blood pressure or heart problems [3, 4, 5, 8] No toxicity is reported by oral ingestion. Handled at full strength, avoid contact with eyes or breathing the vapors.
Chemistry:
This production is mainly composed of Synephrine , N-Methltyramine, and some flavones such as Hesperidin, Neohesperidin and Naringin. Structural formulas are followed:
   

                                                      Synephrine                                                                                                 
C9H13O2N

References

1.Candelore MR, Deng L, Tota L, Guan XM, Amend A, Liu Y, Newbold R, Cascieri MA, Weber AE. Potent and selective human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):649-55.
2.Carpene C, Galitzky J, Fontana E, Atgie C, Lafontan M, Berlan M. Selective activation of beta3-adrenoceptors by octopamine: comparative studies in mammalian fat cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1999 Apr; 359(4): 310-21.
3. Supplement Watch. Citrus aurantium. Availableat:
http://www.supplementwatch.com/supatoz/s/synephrine.html.Accessed July 2, 2001.
4. Rain Tree. Orange Bitters. Available at http://www.rain-tree.com/orange.htm.Accesses on September 12, 2000.
5. On Health. Orange Peel, Bitter. Available at http://www.onhealth.com/alternative/resource/herbs/item, 77174.asp Accessed on July 2, 2001.
6. Galitzky J, Carpene C, Lafontan M, Berlan M. Specific stimulation of adipose tissue adrenergic beta 3 receptors by octopamine. C R Acad Sci III. 1993; 316(5): 519-23.
7. Hu S, Wang G. Textual studies on shangzhou zhiqiao fructus Aurantii. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih. 1996 Mar; 21(3): 137-8, 189.
  8. Orange Bitters: Database entry for Orange Bitters- Citrus aurantium. Available at Tropical Plant Database http://www.rain-tree.com/orange.htm; Accessed 6/27/01.
9. Kim DH, Song MJ, Bae EA, Han MJ. Inhibitory effect of herbal medicines on Rotavirus infectivity. Biol Pharm Bull 2000 Mar; 23(3): 356-8.
10. Satoh Y, Tashiro S, Satoh M, Fujimoto Y, Xu JY, Ikekawa T. Studies on the bioactive constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1996 Mar;116(3):244-50.
11. Satoh Y, Tashiro S, Satoh M, Fujimoto Y, Xu JY, Ikekawa T. Studies on the bioactive constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Yakugaku Zasshi 1996 Mar;116(3):244-50.
12. Huang YT, Wang GF, Chen CF, Chen CC, Hong CY, Yang MC. Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1995;57(22):2011-20.
13. Hernandez L, Munoz RA, Miro G, Martinez M, Silva-Parra J, Chavez PI. Use of medicinal plants by ambulatory patients in Puerto Rico. Am J Hosp Pharm 1984 Oct; 41(10): 2060-4.
14. Dharmananda S. Synephrine: is Chih-shih (Zhishi) Toxic? Available at http://www.itmnline.org/arts/syneph.htm. Accessed July 2, 2001.
15. Chen X, Liu LY, Deng HW, Fang YX, Ye YW. The effects of Citrus aurantium and its active ingredient N-methyltyramine on the cardiovascular receptors. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Palo. 1981 Apr; 16(4): 253-9.
16. Fontana E, Morin N, Prevot D, Carpene C. Effects of octopamine on lipolysis, glucose transport and amine oxidation in mammalian fat cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 2000 Jan; 125(1): 33-44.